In many Japanese temples, especially during the New Year (known as “Oshogatsu” in Japanese), a peculiar tradition takes place. It’s a ritual that has been practiced for centuries, yet its significance remains shrouded in mystery to many outsiders. We’re referring to the custom of ringing the temple bell 108 times. But why exactly 108? Is it a random number, or is there a deeper meaning behind it?
The Origins of the Tradition
To understand the significance of 108 bells, we need to delve into the history of Buddhism in Japan. Buddhism was introduced to Japan from China and Korea in the 6th century, and it quickly gained popularity among the Japanese people. Over time, Japanese Buddhism developed its unique characteristics, blending with Shintoism and other local beliefs. The tradition of ringing the bell 108 times is believed to have originated in the Heian period (794-1185 CE), when Buddhism was at its peak in Japan.
Symbolism of the Number 108
In Buddhism, the number 108 is considered sacred and is often referred to as a “symbol of perfection.” It’s believed to represent the 108 earthly desires that humans must overcome to attain enlightenment. According to Buddhist teachings, these desires are the root causes of human suffering, and by ringing the bell 108 times, believers are reminded to let go of their worldly desires and strive for spiritual awakening.
Another interpretation of the number 108 is that it represents the 108 kleshas (defilements or impurities) that humans must eliminate to achieve enlightenment. These kleshas include negative emotions like greed, anger, and ignorance, which are believed to be the hindrances to spiritual growth.
Mathematical Significance
Some scholars argue that the number 108 has mathematical significance, being a multiple of 12 (12 x 9 = 108). In many Eastern cultures, 12 is considered a complete number, representing the 12 months of the year, the 12 zodiac signs, and the 12 hours on a clock. Multiplying 12 by 9 creates a sense of harmony and balance, reflecting the Buddhist concept of achieving balance between body, speech, and mind.
The Significance of Bell-Ringing in Japanese Culture
Bell-ringing is an integral part of Japanese Buddhist rituals, and ringing the bell 108 times is a way to cleanse the mind and soul. The sound of the bell is believed to have a purifying effect, driving away evil spirits and awakening the faithful to the pursuit of enlightenment. In Japanese temples, the bell is often rung to mark important events, such as the beginning of the New Year, and to signal the start of a ceremony or meditation session.
Psychological Benefits of Bell-Ringing
The act of ringing the bell 108 times is not just a physical activity; it also has psychological benefits. The repetitive motion of ringing the bell is meditative, helping to calm the mind and focus one’s thoughts. The sound of the bell is also believed to have a calming effect on the nervous system, promoting relaxation and reducing stress.
In addition, the physical act of ringing the bell requires concentration and focus, helping to build mental discipline and self-awareness. As the bell is rung 108 times, the practitioner is reminded to let go of distractions and focus on the present moment, cultivating mindfulness and mental clarity.
The New Year’s Ritual: Joya no Kane
During the New Year’s celebration, the tradition of ringing the bell 108 times is known as “Joya no Kane.” It’s a ritual that takes place on December 31st, usually around midnight, and is often performed by priests or senior monks in the temple.
The ritual begins with the recitation of Buddhist scriptures and prayers, followed by the ringing of the bell 108 times. The bell is usually rung in a rhythmic pattern, with a pause between each ring to allow the sound to resonate and dissipate. As the bell is rung, the practitioners are encouraged to reflect on their past mistakes and let go of their worldly desires, making a fresh start in the New Year.
The Three Stages of Joya no Kane
The Joya no Kane ritual is divided into three stages, each with its own significance:
| Stage | Significance |
|---|---|
| First 36 rings | Represents the elimination of 36 worldly desires |
| Next 36 rings | Represents the elimination of 36 karmic sins |
| Final 36 rings | Represents the attainment of enlightenment and the start of a new year |
Conclusion
The tradition of ringing the bell 108 times is a unique and fascinating aspect of Japanese culture. By delving into the history and symbolism behind this ritual, we gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of Japanese Buddhism and the importance of mindfulness and self-reflection.
As we reflect on the significance of 108, we’re reminded of the importance of letting go of our worldly desires and striving for spiritual growth. Whether you’re a Buddhist or not, the act of ringing the bell 108 times is a powerful symbol of our shared human quest for peace, balance, and enlightenment.
Ringing in the New Year with 108 bells is more than just a tradition – it’s a powerful reminder of the importance of mindfulness, self-reflection, and spiritual growth.
So the next time you hear the sound of 108 bells ringing, remember the significance behind this ancient tradition, and let the rhythmic pattern of the bell guide you on your own path to enlightenment and self-discovery.
What is the significance of 108 bells in Japanese culture?
The significance of 108 bells in Japanese culture lies in its association with the concept of “108 earthly desires” or “bonno” in Buddhism. According to Buddhist teachings, humans are prone to 108 worldly desires that bind them to the cycle of birth and death. Ringing 108 bells is believed to purify the mind and body of these desires, allowing individuals to start anew in the coming year.
In Japan, the custom of ringing 108 bells, known as “joysui,” is an integral part of the New Year’s (Oshogatsu) celebrations. It is typically performed at Buddhist temples, where bells are rung 108 times to symbolize the elimination of the 108 earthly desires. This ritual is meant to cleanse the mind and spirit, enabling individuals to begin the new year with a clean slate and a renewed sense of purpose.
What is the origin of the 108 bells tradition in Japan?
The origins of the 108 bells tradition in Japan can be traced back to the Heian period (794-1185 CE), when Buddhism was introduced to the country from China and Korea. The concept of “108 earthly desires” was incorporated into Japanese Buddhism, and the practice of ringing 108 bells emerged as a way to purify the mind and body.
Over time, the tradition evolved and was adopted by various Buddhist sects in Japan. Today, the ritual is an essential part of the New Year’s celebrations, with many temples and shrines across the country participating in the joysui ceremony. The tradition has also been influenced by Shintoism, Japan’s indigenous religion, which emphasizes the importance of purification and renewal.
What is the significance of the number 108 in Buddhism?
In Buddhism, the number 108 is considered sacred and symbolizes the attainment of enlightenment. It is believed to represent the 108 kleshas or defilements that an individual must overcome to achieve spiritual liberation. The number is also associated with the 108 beads of the Buddhist rosary, which is used in meditation and prayer.
In addition to its association with the earthly desires, the number 108 is also believed to possess spiritual significance. It is said to represent the infinite possibilities and the cycles of time, as well as the interconnectedness of all phenomena. In Japanese culture, the number has become synonymous with good fortune, prosperity, and spiritual growth.
How is the 108 bells ritual performed in Japan?
The 108 bells ritual, or joysui, is typically performed at Buddhist temples in Japan on New Year’s Eve (Omisoka). The ceremony begins with the recitation of sutras and the burning of incense to purify the mind and body. The designated bell-ringer, usually a monk or a senior priest, then takes turns ringing the bell 108 times, pausing briefly after each ring to allow the sound to resonate.
The ritual is often accompanied by chanting, prayers, and the beating of drums, adding to the festive atmosphere. The bell-ringer usually takes breaks to allow others to participate, making the ritual a communal and inclusive experience. The ceremony concludes with the final ringing of the bell, marking the beginning of the new year and the symbolic elimination of the 108 earthly desires.
What is the significance of the first bell ringing in the new year?
The first bell ringing in the new year is a significant moment in the 108 bells ritual, as it marks the beginning of a new cycle of time. In Japan, the first bell is often referred to as the “akematsu” or the “opening bell,” and is believed to have purifying properties. The sound of the first bell is thought to awaken the gods and invite their blessings for the coming year.
The first bell ringing is also associated with the concept of “yuku haru” or ” departure of evil,” which symbolizes the elimination of evil and negativity from the previous year. It is believed to bring good fortune, prosperity, and happiness to those who participate in the ritual, setting the tone for a positive and auspicious new year.
Can anyone participate in the 108 bells ritual in Japan?
Yes, anyone can participate in the 108 bells ritual in Japan, regardless of religious affiliation or background. While the ritual is traditionally performed at Buddhist temples, many temples and shrines open their doors to the public on New Year’s Eve, allowing visitors to participate in the ceremony.
In fact, the 108 bells ritual has become a popular tourist attraction in Japan, with many people visiting temples and shrines to experience the unique cultural tradition. Visitors are often invited to ring the bell themselves, making the ritual a memorable and hands-on experience.
How has the 108 bells tradition evolved over time in Japan?
The 108 bells tradition has evolved significantly over time in Japan, influenced by social, cultural, and economic changes. While the core ritual remains the same, the ceremony has become more festive and inclusive, with many temples and shrines incorporating modern elements, such as fireworks, music, and food stalls, into the celebrations.
In recent years, the tradition has also seen a resurgence in popularity, particularly among younger generations, who are drawn to the unique cultural experience and the opportunity to connect with Japan’s rich cultural heritage. The 108 bells ritual has also become an important symbol of Japanese cultural identity, promoting unity and solidarity among the Japanese people as they usher in the new year.